Quaid e Azam’s Unaffected Dignity

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Sometimes it was alleged that the Quaid e Azam was proud, arrogant and stiff-necked. But the critics missed the point as to what was the basis of his supposed pride and arrogance. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah was a proud man in the sense that he, being the spokesman and mouthpiece if Muslim India, did not allow its prestige and status to be lowered in any circumstances. He was proud against the proud and the haughty. Power had gone to the heads of the Congress leaders. At one stage Mr. Nehru had gone to the length of boasting that there were only two parties in the country the Congress and the British Government –and others must simply line up, and further that a Congress volunteer was better than a thousand Jinnahs! A couple of years later the world saw the same Mr Nehru as well as Mr Gandhi and other Congress high-ups knocking at the door of the Quaid-e-Azam! That was the secret of his pride. It bought sense into the minds of the opponents of Muslim solidarity and the Muslim freedom. He was proud only where the honour and interests of Muslim India were in question. But, to the humble and unassuming servants of the Muslim nation or, for the matter of that, to any humble individual the Quaid-e-Azam was the soul of courtesy and kindness, a beacon of light, a ready source of inspiration and encouragement to any individual seeking to render selfless service to his people. You felt uplifted and inspired in his presence which again is a sign of true greatness.

In modern times there have been several examples of men of outstanding calibre rescuing their people from degradation and enslavement. Their task, however, was comparatively easier, as their people were already free peoples. They had not lost their spirit and fighting qualities, and hot only to struggle for retaining their freedom. But in a subject country like India which had been under alien rule for about a hundred and fifty years it was nothing short of a miracle to have raised dead people back to life, in fact to have created a unified nation out of a torpid mass of scattered, demoralised and dispirited people who had lost all sense of self-respect and self-assertion. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah raised them to a status of prestige and dignity,  so that Muslim India came to be recognised as a constituent factor in the framing of constitutional scheme, and it was established that no constitution which did not recieve their willing assent could be enacted or enforced.

It was natural that, from the time he began to organize the Muslims for the protection of their rights, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah was not a persona grata with the Congress and other Hindu circles. He was painted as a villain of the piece, as the stumbling block in the way of India’s freedom. There was no abusive epithet, no calumny, no vituperation, no scurrilous attack that was not hurled at him. But he stood firm as a rock against all odds. Neither flattery and laudation could deflect him from his course not threat and calumny unnerve him. No price could purchase him and no temptation lead him astray. He remained unaffected by all the bitterness the Congress had created all round and worked with his characteristic dignity and magnanimity right till the end, But he could never be taken in by the designs of the opponents of Muslim freedom. He had a knack of check-mating and foiling the moves and manoeuvres to entrap and injure the Muslims.

Solidarity of Pakistan

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I am sure you realize that in a newly-formed State like Pakistan, consisting moreover as it does of two widely separated parts, cohesion and solidarity amogst all its citizens, from whatever part they may come, is essential for its progress, nay for its very survival Pakistan is the embodiment of the unity of the Muslim nation and so it must remain. That unity we, as true Muslims must jealously guard and preserve. If we begin to think of ourselves as Bengalis, Punjabis, Sindhis etc first and Muslims and Pakistanis only incidently, then Pakistan is bound to disintegrate. Do not think that this is some abstruse peoposition: our enemies are fully alive to its possibilities which I must warn you they are already busy exploiting.

Quaid's Broadcast talk from Radio Pakistan, Dacca, March 28, 1948

Human Toil for Prosperity

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Funds are, no doubt, necessary for development, but at the same time national growth and regeneration do not depend on funds alone. It is human toil that makes for the prosperity of the people and I have no doubt that we have in Pakistan a nation of industrious and determined people who past traditions have already distinguished them in the field of human achievement.

Quaid's speech at Public meeting, March 26, 1948

No to Provincialism

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Having failed to prevent the establishment of Pakistan, thwarted and frustrated by their failute, the enemies of Pakistan have now turned their attention to disrupt the state by creating a split amongst the Muslims of Pakistan. These attempts have taken the shape principally of encouraging provincialism.

Speech at Public Meeting, March 21, 1948.

Tolerance and Goodwill

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The tolerance and goodwill that the great Emperor Akbar showed to all the non-Muslims is not of recent origin. It dates back thirteen centuries ago when our Prophet not only by words but by deeds treated the Jews and Christians, after he had conquered them, with the utmost tolerance and regard and respect for their faith and beliefs. The whole history of Muslims, wherever they ruled, is replete with those humane and great principles which should be followed and practised.

Quaid's speech at the inaugration of the
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

August 14, 1947.

Quaid's Address to Officials of Government of Pakistan

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The establishment of Pakistan for which we have been striving for the last ten years is, by grace of God, an established fact today, but the creation of a state of our own was a means to an end and not the end in itself. The idea was that we should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find freeplay.

Karachi, October 11, 1947.

Muslims under Congress Raj

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The Hindu Congress,...during these 27 months made every effort to suppress the language, customs and culture of the Mussalmans. Even in the Educational institutions, which were wholly Muslim, the students were compelled to use text books prescribed by the Hindu Congress Governments emphasizing the Hindu culture and traditions and belittling that of the Mussalmans, what little of the Muslim culture they contained. Hundreds of instances can be given of their having trampled upon the elementary rights of the Mussalmans.

India Not a Nation

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India never was one, never was a Nation, never was a country governed by one single power even with the sword. It is a sub-continent of different nationalities and people. It was never governed in history by one single power. Even today, when constitutionally and legally Britain is ruling over India, one-third is not British. This administrative oneness is entirely the making of the British. This Government which has been in this sub-continent for 150 or 160 years is not a Government with the sanction of the people.

Quaid's Speech at the meeting of All India Muslim League Council, Delhi

November 9, 1942.

Pakistan - The Way to Freedom

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Pandit Nehru says that the Congress is prepared to pay any price (as if India belonged to the Congress) except the price of freedom and their honour. Who suggests that the freedom of the Indian people should be bartered away? We are firmly of the opinion that the quikest way to achieve India's freedom is by the acceptance of the Pakistan scheme by agreement. I fail to see how the question of the sacrifice of honour comes in, if Hindu India were to accept the right of 100 million Muslims of India to self-determination instead of forcing them to remain in an artificial and unnatural union with most disastrous and dangrous consequences that must follow if such a course was adopted.

Quaid's statement on the 'Quit India' Movement
issued from Bombay

August 9, 1942.

Hindu Majority Rule

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I cannot be accused of being pro-British. No Indian worthy of the name wants foreign domination. But don't you see that if I agreed to join this treat, it could only be my accepting to Congress demands, which are opposed to Pakistan, and is the British Government surrendered, Muslim India would be faced not only by Hindu Majority rule but a Hindu Majority triumphant with British co-operation?

Quaid's Interview to a Foreign Correspondent Regarding Gandhi's Offer.

October 6, 1944.

DEMOCRACY AND INDIA - Two Nations and Societies

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Democracy means, to begin with, majority rule. Majority rule in a single nation, in a single society is understandable,..Representative government in a single nation, harmonious, homogenous and one is understandable. But you have only got to apply your mind for a few minutes to see the truth. Can such a system ever work or succeed when you have two different nations - indeed more than two different nations - in this sub-continent, when you have two totally different societies, the Muslim Society and the Hindu Society.


Quaid's Presidential address at the session of the
All-India Muslim League, Madras.

April, 1941.

Sheet-Anchor

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What is it that keeps the Muslims united as one man, and what is the bedrock and sheet-anchor of the community. It is Islam. It is the Great book, Quran, that is the sheet-anchor of Muslim India. I am sure that as we go on and on there will be more and more of oneness - one God, one Book, one Prophet and one Nation.

Quaid concluding his Speech at the session of the All-India Muslim League.

Karachi, 26, December, 1943

Muslim Women

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I am glad to see that not only Muslim men but Muslim women and children also have understood the Pakistan scheme. No nation can make progress without the co-operation of its women. If Muslim women support their men, as they did in the days of the Prophet of Islam, we should soon realize our goal.

Quaid's speech at Jinnah Islamia College for Girls,
Lahore, November 22 1942.

Islam and Democracy

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I was told that I have done disservice to Islam because Islam believes in democracy. So far as I have understood Islam, it does not advocate a democracy which would allow the majority of non-Muslims to decide the fate of Muslims. We cannot accept a system of Government in which the non-Muslims merely by numerical Majority would rule and dominate us.



Speech at Aligarh Muslim University - March 6, 1940.

Quaid's Message on Faith and Nationality

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Can't you see that a Muslim, when he was converted more than a thousand years ago, bulk of them, then according to your Hindu religion and philosophy, he becomes an outcaste and he becomes a Malecha (Untouchable) and the Hindus cease to have anything to do with him socially, religiously and culturally or in any other way? He, therefore, belongs to a different, not merely religious but socially, and he has lived in that distinctly separate and antagonistic social order, religiously, socially and culturally.... Can you possibly compare this with that nonsensical talk that mere change of faith is no ground for a demand for Pakistan? Can't you see the fundamental difference?


Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah's Presidential Address
at the special session of the Punjab Muslim Students Federation.

2 March, 1941

Kerry-Lugar Bill: All Set To Take Pakistan's Sovereignty Away

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The following is the text of the Kerry-Lugar Bill passed by the Senate on Thursday, Sept 24, 2009. It will now go to the House of Representatives and if passed without amendments, will be sent to President Barack Obama for signing into law:



Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 (Engrossed as Agreed to or Passed by Senate)



SEC. 203. LIMITATIONS ON CERTAIN ASSISTANCE.



(a) Limitation on Security-related Assistance: For fiscal years 2011 through 2014, no security-related assistance may be provided to Pakistan in a fiscal year until the Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, makes the certification required under subsection (c) for such fiscal year.



(b) Limitation on Arms Transfers: For fiscal years 2012 through 2014, no letter of offer to sell major defence equipment to Pakistan may be issued pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act (22 USC 2751 et seq.) and no license to export major defence equipment to Pakistan may be issued pursuant to such Act in a fiscal year until the Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, makes the certification required under subsection (c) for such fiscal year.



(c) Certification: The certification required by this subsection is a certification by the Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, to the appropriate congressional committees that: (1) the Government of Pakistan is continuing to cooperate with the United States in efforts to dismantle supplier networks relating to the acquisition of nuclear weapons-related materials, such as providing relevant information from or direct access to Pakistani nationals associated with such networks;



(2) the Government of Pakistan during the preceding fiscal year has demonstrated a sustained commitment to and is making significant efforts towards combating terrorist groups, consistent with the purposes of assistance described in section 201, including taking into account the extent to which the Government of Pakistan has made progress on matters such as (A) ceasing support, including by any elements within the Pakistan military or its intelligence agency, to extremist and terrorist groups, particularly to any group that has conducted attacks against the United States or coalition forces in Afghanistan, or against the territory or people of neighbouring countries; (B) preventing al-Qaeda, the Taliban and associated terrorist groups, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, from operating in the territory of Pakistan, including carrying out cross-border attacks into neighbouring countries, closing terrorist camps in the Fata, dismantling terrorist bases of operations in other parts of the country, including Quetta and Muridke, and taking action when provided with intelligence about high-level terrorist targets; and (C) strengthening counterterrorism and anti-money laundering laws; and (3) the security forces of Pakistan are not materially and substantially subverting the political or judicial processes of Pakistan.



(d) Certain Payments: (1) IN GENERAL- Subject to paragraph (2), none of the funds appropriated for security-related assistance for fiscal years 2010 through 2014, or any amounts appropriated to the Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund established under the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-32), may be obligated or expended to make payments relating to (A) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-YAD signed between the Governments of the United States of America and Pakistan on September 30, 2006; (B) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-NAP signed between the Governments of the United States of America and Pakistan on September 30, 2006; and C) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-SAF signed between the Governments of the United States of America and Pakistan on September 30, 2006.



(2) EXCEPTION: Funds appropriated for security-related assistance for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 may be used for construction and related activities carried out pursuant to the Letters of Offer and Acceptance described in paragraph (1).



(e) Waiver: (1) IN GENERAL - The Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, may waive the limitations contained in subsections (a), (b), and (d) for a fiscal year if the Secretary of State determines that is important to the national security interests of the United States to do so.



(2) PRIOR NOTICE OF WAIVER: The Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, may not exercise the authority of paragraph (1) until seven days after the Secretary of State provides to the appropriate congressional committees a written notice of the intent to issue to waiver and the reasons therefore. The notice may be submitted in classified or unclassified form, as necessary.



(f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined: In this section, the term `appropriate congressional committees’ means (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.



SEC. 204. PAKISTAN COUNTERINSURGENCY CAPABILITY FUND.



(a) For Fiscal Year 2010: (1) IN GENERAL - For fiscal year 2010, the Department of State’s Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund established under the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-32), hereinafter in this section referred to as the `Fund’, shall consist of the following: (A) Amounts appropriated to carry out this subsection (which may not include any amounts appropriated to carry out title I of this Act).



(B) Amounts otherwise available to the Secretary of State to carry out this subsection.



(2) PURPOSES OF FUND: Amounts in the Fund made available to carry out this subsection for any fiscal year are authorised to be used by the Secretary of State, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Defence, to build and maintain the counterinsurgency capability of Pakistan under the same terms and conditions (except as otherwise provided in this subsection) that are applicable to amounts made available under the Fund for fiscal year 2009.



(3) TRANSFER AUTHORITY: (A) IN GENERAL - The Secretary of State is authorised to transfer amounts in the fund made available to carry out this subsection for any fiscal year to the Department of Defence’s Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund established under the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-32) and such amounts may be transferred back to the Fund if the Secretary of Defence, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, determines that such amounts are not needed for the purposes for which initially transferred.



(B) TREATMENT OF TRANSFERRED FUNDS: Subject to subsections (d) and (e) of section 203, transfers from the Fund under the authority of subparagraph (A) shall be merged with and be available for the same purposes and for the same time period as amounts in the Department of Defence’s Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund.



(C) RELATION TO OTHER AUTHORITIES: The authority to provide assistance under this subsection is in addition to any other authority to provide assistance to foreign countries.



(D) NOTIFICATION: The Secretary of State shall, not less than 15 days prior to making transfers from the Fund under subparagraph (A), notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing of the details of any such transfer.



(b) Submission of Notifications: Any notification required by this section may be submitted in classified or unclassified form, as necessary.



(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined: In this section, the term `appropriate congressional committees’ means (1) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.



SEC. 205. REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVILIAN CONTROL OF CERTAIN ASSISTANCE



(a) Requirements: (1) IN GENERAL - For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, any direct cash security-related assistance or non-assistance payments by the United States to the Government of Pakistan may only be provided or made to civilian authorities of a civilian government of Pakistan.



(2) DOCUMENTATION: For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defence, shall ensure that civilian authorities of a civilian government of Pakistan have received a copy of final documentation provided to the United States related to non-assistance payments provided or made to the Government of Pakistan.



(b) Waiver: 1) SECURITY-RELATED ASSISTANCE: The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defence, may waive the requirements of subsection (a) with respect to security-related assistance described in subsection (a) funded from accounts within budget function 150 (International Affairs) if the Secretary of State certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the waiver is important to the national security interest of the United States.



(2) NON-ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS: The Secretary of Defence, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may waive the requirements of subsection (a) with respect to non-assistance payments described in subsection (a) funded from accounts within budget function 050 (National Defence) if the Secretary of Defense certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the waiver is important to the national security interest of the United States.



(c) Application to Certain Activities- Nothing in this section shall apply with respect to (1) any activities subject to reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 413 et seq.); (2) any assistance to promote democratic elections or public participation in democratic processes; (3) any assistance or payments if the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that subsequent to the termination of assistance or payments a democratically elected government has taken office; (4) any assistance or payments made pursuant to section 1208 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public Law 108-375; 118 Stat. 2086), as amended; (5) any payments made pursuant to the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement between the Department of Defense of the United States of America and the Ministry of Defense of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; and (6) any assistance or payments made pursuant to section 943 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417; 122 Stat. 4578).



(d) Definitions- In this section (1) the term `appropriate congressional committees’ means the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations of the Senate; and (2) the term ‘civilian government of Pakistan’ does not include any government of Pakistan whose duly elected head of government is deposed by military coup or decree.



TITLE III—STRATEGY, ACCOUNTABILITY, MONITORING, AND OTHER PROVISIONS SEC. 301. STRATEGY REPORTS.



(a) Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report- Not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report describing United States policy and strategy with respect to assistance to Pakistan under this Act. The report shall include the following: (1) A description of the principal objectives of United States assistance to Pakistan to be provided under title I of this Act.



(2) A general description of the specific programs, projects, and activities designed to achieve the purposes of section 101 and the respective funding levels for such programs, projects, and activities for fiscal years 2010 through 2014.



(3) A plan for program monitoring, operations research, and impact evaluation research for assistance authorized under title I of this Act.



(4) A description of the role to be played by Pakistani national, regional, and local officials and members of Pakistani civil society and local private sector, civic, religious, and tribal leaders in helping to identify and implement programs and projects for which assistance is to be provided under this Act, and of consultations with such representatives in developing the strategy.



(5) A description of the steps taken, or to be taken, to ensure assistance provided under this Act is not awarded to individuals or entities affiliated with terrorist organizations.



(6) A projection of the levels of assistance to be provided to Pakistan under this Act, broken down into the following categories as described in the annual `Report on the Criteria and Methodology for Determining the Eligibility of Candidate Countries for Millennium Challenge Account Assistance’: (A) Civil liberties. (B) Political rights. (C) Voice and accountability. (D) Government effectiveness. (E) Rule of law. (F) Control of corruption. (G) Immunization rates. (H) Public expenditure on health. (I) Girls’ primary education completion rate. (J) Public expenditure on primary education. (K) Natural resource management. (L) Business start-up. (M) Land rights and access. (N) Trade policy. (O) Regulatory quality. (P) Inflation control. (Q) Fiscal policy.



(7) An analysis for the suitable replacement for existing Pakistani helicopters, including recommendations for sustainment and training.



(b) Comprehensive Regional Strategy Report: (1) SENSE OF CONGRESS: It is the sense of Congress that the achievement of United States national security goals to eliminate terrorist threats and close safe havens in Pakistan requires the development of a comprehensive plan that utilizes all elements of national power, including in coordination and cooperation with other concerned governments, and that it is critical to Pakistan’s long-term prosperity and security to strengthen regional relationships among India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.



(2) COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY: The President shall develop a comprehensive interagency regional security strategy to eliminate terrorist threats and close safe havens in Pakistan, including by working with the Government of Pakistan and other relevant governments and organizations in the region and elsewhere, as appropriate, to best implement effective counterinsurgency and counterterrorism efforts in and near the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, including the FATA, the NWFP, parts of Balochistan, and parts of Punjab.



(3) REPORT: (A) IN GENERAL- Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the comprehensive regional security strategy required under paragraph (2).



(B) CONTENTS- The report shall include a copy of the comprehensive regional security strategy, including specifications of goals, and proposed timelines and budgets for implementation of the strategy.



(C) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED: In this paragraph, the term `appropriate congressional committees’ means (i) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and (ii) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.



(c) Security-related Assistance Plan- Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a plan for the proposed use of amounts authorized for security-related assistance for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2014. Such plan shall include an assessment of how the use of such amounts complements or otherwise is related to amounts described in section 204.



SEC. 302. MONITORING REPORTS.



(a) Semi-Annual Monitoring Report- Not later than 180 days after the submission of the Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report pursuant to section 301(a), and every 180 days thereafter through September 30, 2014, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the assistance provided under this Act during the preceding 180-day period. The report shall include—



(1) a description of all assistance by program, project, and activity, as well as by geographic area, provided pursuant to title I of this Act during the period covered by the report, including the amount of assistance provided for each program or project, and with respect to the first report a description of all amounts made available for assistance to Pakistan during fiscal year 2009, including a description of each program, project, and activity for which funds were made available; (2) a list of persons or entities from the United States or other countries that have received funds in excess of $100,000 to conduct projects under title I of this Act during the period covered by the report, which may be included in a classified annex, if necessary to avoid a security risk, and a justification for the classification; (3) with respect to the plan described in section 301(a)(3), updates to such plan and a description of best practices to improve the impact of the assistance authorized under title I of this Act; (4) an assessment of the effectiveness of assistance provided under title I of this Act during the period covered by the report in achieving desired objectives and outcomes as guided by the plan described in section 301(a)(3), and as updated pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection, including a systematic, qualitative, and where possible, quantitative basis for assessing whether desired outcomes are achieved and a timeline for completion of each project and program; (5) a description of any shortfall in United States financial, physical, technical, or human resources that hinder the effective use and monitoring of such funds; (6) a description of any negative impact, including the absorptive capacity of the region for which the resources are intended, of United States bilateral or multilateral assistance and recommendations for modification of funding, if any; (7) any incidents or reports of waste, fraud, and abuse of expenditures under title I of this Act; (8) the amount of funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to section 102 that were used during the reporting period for administrative expenses or for audits and program reviews pursuant to the authority under sections 101(c)(2) and 103; (9) a description of the expenditures made from any Chief of Mission Fund established pursuant to section 101(c)(5) during the period covered by the report, the purposes for which such expenditures were made, and a list of the recipients of any expenditures from the Chief of Mission Fund in excess of $100,000; (10) an accounting of assistance provided to Pakistan under title I of this Act, broken down into the categories set forth in section 301(a)(6); (11) an evaluation of efforts undertaken by the Government of Pakistan to (A) disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda, the Taliban, and other extremist and terrorist groups in the FATA and settled areas; (B) eliminate the safe havens of such forces in Pakistan; (C) close terrorist camps, including those of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed; (D) cease all support for extremist and terrorist groups; (E) prevent attacks into neighbouring countries; (F) increase oversight over curriculum in Madrassas, including closing Madrassas with direct links to the Taliban or other extremist and terrorist groups; and (G) improve counterterrorism financing and anti-money laundering laws, apply for observer status for the Financial Action Task Force, and take steps to adhere to the United Nations International Convention for the Suppression of Financing of Terrorism; (12) a detailed description of Pakistan’s efforts to prevent proliferation of nuclear-related material and expertise; (13) an assessment of whether assistance provided to Pakistan has directly or indirectly aided the expansion of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, whether by the diversion of United States assistance or the reallocation of Pakistan’s financial resources that would otherwise be spent for programs and activities unrelated to its nuclear weapons program; (14) a detailed description of the extent to which funds obligated and expended pursuant to section 202(b) meet the requirements of such section; and (15) an assessment of the extent to which the Government of Pakistan exercises effective civilian control of the military, including a description of the extent to which civilian executive leaders and parliament exercise oversight and approval of military budgets, the chain of command, the process of promotion for senior military leaders, civilian involvement in strategic guidance and planning, and military involvement in civil administration.



(b) Government Accountability Office Reports:



(1) PAKISTAN ASSISTANCE STRATEGY REPORT: Not later than one year after the submission of the Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report pursuant to section 301(a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that contains (A) a review of, and comments addressing, the Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report; (B) recommendations relating to any additional actions the Comptroller General believes could help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of United States efforts to meet the objectives of this Act; (C) a detailed description of the expenditures made by Pakistan pursuant to grant assistance under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 USC.

Quaid's address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan - August 11, 1947

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Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen!

I cordially thank you, with the utmost sincerity, for the honor you have conferred upon me – the greatest honor that is possible to confer – by electing me as your first President. I also thank those leaders who have spoken in appreciation of my services and their personal references to me. I sincerely hope that with your support and your co-operation we shall make this Constituent Assembly an example to the world.

The Constituent Assembly has got two main functions to perform.

The first is the very onerous and responsible task of framing the future constitution of Pakistan and the second of functioning as a full and complete sovereign body as the Federal Legislature of Pakistan.

We have to do the best we can in adopting a provisional constitution for the Federal Legislature of Pakistan. You know really that not only we ourselves are wondering but, I think, the whole world is wondering at this unprecedented cyclonic revolution which has brought about the clan of creating and establishing two independent sovereign Dominions in this sub-continent. As it is, it has been unprecedented; there is no parallel in the history of the world. This mighty sub-continent with all kinds of inhabitants has been brought under a plan which is titanic, unknown, unparalleled. And what is very important with regards to it is that we have achieved it peacefully and by means of an evolution of the greatest possible character.

Dealing with our first function in this Assembly, I cannot make any well-considered pronouncement at this moment, but I shall say a few things as they occur to me.

The first and the foremost thing that I would like to emphasize is this: remember that you are now a sovereign legislative body and you have got all the powers. It, therefore, places on you the gravest responsibility as to how you should take your decisions.

The first observation that I would like to make is this: You will no doubt agree with me that the first duty of a government is to maintain law and order, so that the life, property and religious beliefs of its subjects are fully protected by the State.

The second thing that occurs to me is this: One of the biggest curses from which India is suffering – I do not say that other countries are free from it, but, I think our condition is much worse – is bribery and corruption. That really is a poison. We must put that down with an iron hand and I hope that you will take adequate measures as soon as it is possible for this Assembly to do so.

Black-marketing is another curse. Well, I know that black marketeers are frequently caught and punished. Judicial sentences are passed or sometimes fines only are imposed. Now you have to tackle this monster, which today is a colossal crime against society, in our distressed conditions, when we constantly face shortage of food and other essential commodities of life.

A citizen who does black-marketing commits, I think, a greater crime than the biggest and most grievous of crimes. These black marketeers are really knowing, intelligent and ordinarily responsible people, and when they indulge in black-marketing, I think they ought to be very severely punished, because the entire system of control and regulation of foodstuffs and essential commodities, and cause wholesale starvation and want and even death.

The next thing that strikes me is this: Here again it is a legacy which has been passed on to us. Along with many other things, good and bad, has arrived this great evil, the evil of nepotism and jobbery. I want to make it quite clear that I shall never tolerate any kind of jobbery, nepotism or any any influence directly of indirectly brought to bear upon me. Whenever I will find that such a practice is in vogue or is continuing anywhere, low or high, I shall certainly not countenance it.

I know there are people who do not quite agree with the division of India and the partition of the Punjab and Bengal. Much has been said against it, but now that it has been accepted, it is the duty of everyone of us to loyally abide by it and honorably act according to the agreement which is now final and binding on all. But you must remember, as I have said, that this mighty revolution that has taken place is unprecedented. One can quite understand the feeling that exists between the two communities wherever one community is in majority and the other is in minority. But the question is, whether it was possible or practicable to act otherwise than what has been done. A division had to take place.

On both sides, in Hindustan and Pakistan, there are sections of people who may not agree with it, who may not like it, but in my judgment there was no other solution and I am sure future history will record is verdict in favor of it. And what is more, it will be proved by actual experience as we go on that was the only solution of India’s constitutional problem. Any idea of a united India could never have worked and in my judgment it would have led us to terrific disaster. Maybe that view is correct; maybe it is not; that remains to be seen.

All the same, in this division it was impossible to avoid the question of minorities being in one Dominion or the other. Now that was unavoidable. There is no other solution. Now what shall we do?

Now, if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous, we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, and especially of the masses and the poor.

If you will work in co-operation, forgetting the past, burying the hatchet, you are bound to succeed. If you change your past and work together in a spirit that everyone of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what is his colour, caste or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges, and obligations, there will be on end to the progress you will make.

I cannot emphasize it too much. We should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the majority and minority communities, the Hindu community and the Muslim community, because even as regards Muslims you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on, and among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vashnavas, Khatris, also Bengalis, Madrasis and so on, will vanish.

Indeed if you ask me, this has been the biggest hindrance in the way of India to attain the freedom and independence and but for this we would have been free people long long ago. No power can hold another nation, and specially a nation of 400 million souls in subjection; nobody could have conquered you, and even if it had happened, nobody could have continued its hold on you for any length of time, but for this. Therefore, we must learn a lesson from this.

You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place or worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed that has nothing to do with the business of the State. As you know, history shows that in England, conditions, some time ago, were much worse than those prevailing in India today. The Roman Catholics and the Protestants persecuted each other. Even now there are some States in existence where there are discriminations made and bars imposed against a particular class.

Thank God, we are not starting in those days. We are starting in the days where there is no discrimination, no distinction between one community and another, no discrimination between one caste or creed and another. We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State. The people of England in course of time had to face the realities of the situation and had to discharge the responsibilities and burdens placed upon them by the government of their country and they went through that fire step by step.

Today, you might say with justice that Roman Catholics and Protestants do not exist; what exists now is that every man is a citizen, an equal citizen of Great Britain and they are all members of the Nation.

Now I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State.

Well, gentlemen, I do not wish to take up any more of your time and thank you again for the honor you have done to me. I shall always be guided by the principles of justice and fair play without any, as is put in the political language, prejudice or ill-will, in other words, partiality or favoritism. My guiding principle will be justice and complete impartiality, and I am sure that with your support and co-operation, I can look forward to Pakistan becoming one of the greatest nations of the world.

I have received a message from the United States of America addressed to me. It reads:

I have the honor to communicate to you, in Your Excellency’s capacity as President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, the following message which I have just received from the Secretary of State of the United States:

On the occasion of of the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly for Pakistan, I extend to you and to the members of the Assembly, the best wishes of the Government and the people of the United States for the successful conclusion of the great work you are about to undertake.

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Biography of Baba-e-Qoum Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

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On December 25th 1876 at the Wazir Mansion in Karachi, the family of Jinnahbhai Poonja gave birth to who was to become one of the greatest leaders that ever lived.It was none other than 'Muhammad Ali Jinnah' who later went on to become better known as Quaid-e-Azam(Great Leader) and Baba-e-Qoum(Father of the Nation).

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the eldest of the seven children born to Mithibai and Jinnahbhai poonja. His father, Jinnahbhai (1857-1901), was a prosperous Gujarati merchant who had moved to Sindh from Kathiawar, Gujrat before Jinnah's birth. Muhammad Ali Jinnah's family belonged to the Ismaili Khoja branch of Shi'a Islam, though Muhammad Ali Jinnah later converted to Twelver Shi'a Islam.

The first born Jinnah was soon joined by six siblings, brothers, Ahmad Ali, Bunde Ali, and Rahmat Ali and sisters Maryam,Fatima and Shireen. Their mother tongue was Gujarati, however, in time they also came to speak Kutchi, Sindhi and English.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a very bright and a restless student. After initially being taught at home, Jinnah was sent to the Sindh Madrassah tul Islam in Karachi later he spent a brief time studying at the Gokal Das Tej Primary School in Bombay; and finally at the Christian Missionary Society High School in Karachi, where at the age of sixteen, he passed the matriculation examination of the University of Bombay.

On the advice of an English friend, his father Jinnahbhai Poonja decided to send him to England to aquire business experience. In 1892, Jinnah was offered an apprenticeship at the London office of Graham's Shipping and Trading Company, a business that had extensive dealings with Jinnahbhai Poonja's firm in Karachi. When Jinnah was all set to leave for England, his mother urged that he marry his distant cousin Emibai Jinnah, who was two years his junior. While in London Jinnah suffered two bereavements, his newly wedded-wife died a few months after marriage and later his mother too passed away.

In London, Jinnah soon left his apprenticeship at Graham's Shipping and Trading Company and joined Lincoln's Inn to study Law instead. During his 3 years at Lincoln's Inn he made a study of the british political system and used to make frequent visits to the House of Commons and at age 19, Jinnah became the youngest South Asian to be called to the bar in England.

During his student years in England, Jinnah's education gave him the exposure of the idea of democracy and political progression. He admired and was influenced by british liberal statesmen William E. Gladstone and John Morley. William E Gladstone had become the prime minister for the fourth time in 1892, the year when Jinnah arrived in London.

He used to take keen interest in the affairs of India and in Indian students. An admirer of the Indian nationalists Dadabhai Naoroji and Sir Pherozeshah Mehta. When the Parsi leader Dadabhai Naoroji, ran for the English Parliament, Jinnah joined with other Indian students, and ran a successful campaign for who became the first Indian to hold a seat in the British Parliament.

As an important intellectual and a political authority Jinnah's idea for a nation-state was largely based on self-governance backed by western democratic principles and secular practices which proved to be an obstacle due to the heterogeneous Indian society, that proved to be difficult to reconcile during his later political career.

The Western world and England in particular, inspired Jinnah's political and influenced his personal preferences, especially when it came to dressing. He would be dressed in Western style clothing and kept updated with the new trends in Fashion. It is said that he owned over 200 hand-stitched suits and never wore the same silk twice.

Jinnah came under considerable pressure when his father's business was in ruins and he returned back to Karachi in 1896. When his fathers business was in shambles and there was no income Jinnah decided to practice law. He left Karachi for Bombay and began his legal career in Bombay High Court on August 24,1896, he was then just 20 years old. When Jinnah arrived in Bombay, cities like Bombay, Pune and Ahmedabad were reeling under diseases like the bubonic plague. Since Jinnah was obsessed with extreme personal cleanliness and hygiene, he would wash his hands as if impulsively many times a day. The first three years of his law practice were of extreme hardships until the year 1900 that bought good fortune for the young distressed barrister.

In 1906 Jinnah entered politics by participating in the 1906 Calcutta session when he was made the Secretary of Dadabhai Naoroji in the annual session of the All India Congress, the party that called for dominion status and later for independence for India. Four years later he was elected to the Imperial Legislative Council and thus beginning of a long and distinguished parliamentary career. In Bombay he came to know, among other important Congress personalities, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, the eminent Maratha leader. Greatly influenced by these nationalist politicians, Jinnah aspired during the early part of his political life to become "a Muslim Gokhale". Jinnah's endeavours to bring about the political union of Hindus and Muslims earned him the title of "the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity," His strong belief in gradual and peaceful change was in contrast to the civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the conviction of reality had been growing among the Muslims that their interests demanded the preservation of their separate identity rather than consolidating in the Indian nation that would for all practical purposes be Hindu. In order to safeguard Muslim interests, the All-India Muslim League was formed in 1906. But Jinnah remained in distance from it. Only in 1913, when authoritatively assured that the league was as devoted as the Congress to the political emancipation of India, did Jinnah join the league. When the Indian Home Rule League was formed, he became its chief organiser in Bombay and was elected president of the Bombay branch.

Thanks to Jinnah's efforts the Congress and the Muslims League began to hold their annual sessions jointly, to consult mutual consultation and participation. In 1915 the two organizations held their meetings together in Bombay and in 1916 in Lucknow. This meeting settled the details of an agreement about the composition of the legislatures and the quantum of representation to be allowed to the two communities. The agreement was confirmed by the annual sessions of the Congress and the League in their annual session held at Lucknow on December 29 and December 31, 1916 respectively, where the Lucknow Pact was concluded.

Meanwhile, a new force in Indian politics by the name of Mohandas K. Gandhi had appeared and both the Home Rule League and the Indian National Congress had come under his sway. Jinnah was against Gandhi's style of politics. He was against his Non-co-operation civil disobedience Movement and his essentially Hindu Nationalist approach to politics. Eventually Jinnah left both the League and the Congress and kept himself at a distance from the main political movements for a few years. He continued to be a believer of Hindu-Muslim unity and constitutional methods based on logic and understanding in order to achieve a political resolution.

After his withdrawal from Congress, he used the Muslim league platform to promote his views but during the 1920s came the downfall of the Muslims League and withit Jinnah, had been overshadowed by the Congress and the religiously oriented the Muslim Khilafat committee.

With the failure of Gandhi's Non-co-operation movement and the emergence of Hindu Nationalist movements led to hostility between the Hindus and Muslims. Jinnah's problems arose during the following years was when he wanted to convert the league into an enlightened political body where all those belonging to different religions, ethnicities, races, and organizations would come together and work foward towards the good of India. In addition he had to convince the Congress, as a prerequisite for political progress of the importance of settling the Hindu-Muslim conflict that was growing with time.

Jinnah's personal life and especially his marriage suffered during this period due to his political work. Although they worked to save their marriage by travelling together to Europe when he was appointed to the Sandhurst committee, the couple separated in 1927. Jinnah was deeply saddened when Rattanbai died in 1929, after a serious illness.

Throughout the late 20s and early 30s Jinnah worked to bring about a reconciliation between all sides of the divide. He worked towards it within the legislative assembly, at the Round Table Conferences in London between 1930-1932. At the Round Table Conferences in London the talks had failed, Jinnah was disillusioned by the breakdown of talks and returned to London for a few years where he practiced Law.

Jinnah was still thinking of a coalition between the Muslim League and the Hindu Congress and with the provincial coalition governments aswell. Preparations started for the elections under the Government of India Act 1935 . In 1936, Jinnah returned to India to re-organize Muslim league and to contest the elections held under the provisions of the act of 1935. In the 1937 elections the league emerged as a competent party, capturing a signifant number of seats under the Muslim electorate But lost in the Muslim-majority provinces Punjab, Sindh and the NWFP. The Congress won an absolute majority in five of the eleven provinces and was able to form governments in 8 provinces. Jinnah offered an alliance with the Congress so that both parties would face the British together but the Congress had to share power, accept separate electorates and the league as the
representative of India's Muslims. The Congress decided not to include the league in the formation of provincial governments and make exclusive all-Congress governments.

Following the failure to work with the Congress, Jinnah was convinced that Muslims and Hindus were distinct nations, with unbridgeable differences; a view that later came to be known as the "Two Nation Theory". Jinnah was adamant a United India with a Hindu majority would lead to the marginalization of Muslims, and eventually civil war between Hindus and Muslims.

The Pakistan resolution was carried out in the Lahore session in 1940 as the main goal of the party. The Congress was quick to reject the resolution and so were other prominent leaders like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Syed Ab'ul Ala Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami. On July 26, 1943 an assassination attempt was made on Jinnah by the member of the extremist Khaksars.

In the 1946 elections, the Congress won most of the elected seats overall while the Muslim League won a large majority of Muslim electorate seats. After the elections in 1946 the British Cabinet Mission to India released 2 different plans. The first called for a united Indian state comprising considerably autonomous provinces and to form more provinces on the basis
of religion. A second plan called for the separation of South Asia along religious lines, giving option to the princelystates to choose between accession to the country of their choice or Independence. The Congress rejected and criticised both plans whereas Jinnah gave the Muslim League's approval to both plans. Congress knew that power would only go to the party that had supported a plan.After much debate the Congress accepted the May 16 plan. Jinnah accused the British negotiators of treachery and withdrew the Muslim league's approval of both plans and boycotted the assembly leaving the Congress in charge of the government but denying it any real legitimacy in the eyes of Muslims.

Jinnah issued a call for all Muslims to launch "Direct Action Day" on August 16th to achieve Pakistan. Interim Government portfolios were accounted and Muslims Leaguers were sworn in on Oct 26, 1946 and the League entered the interim Government but Jinnah refrained from accepting office.

Muhammed Ali Jinnah was victorious as the league entered government despite having rejected both plans and was allowed to appoint an equal number of ministers despite being the minority party. The coalition did not work and there was a rising feeling within the Congress that in order to avoid political chaos and possible civil war, the independence of Pakistan was the only way out. Thus, the Congress agreed to the division of India on religious lines in late 1946. The Indian civil servant V.P Menon proposed a plan that would create a Muslim dominion in West Punjab, East Bengal, Balochistan and Sindh. The North-West frontier Province voted to join Pakistan in a referendum in July 1947.

The Quaid said at that moment that "No power on earth can prevent Pakistan". This bold step of the Quaid compelled the British rulers to accept the Muslim demand and thus Pakistan emerged as an independent and a sovereign state on August 14th 1947.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah became the first head of state. He took oath as the first governor general on August 15th 1947.Throughout the 40s Jinnah suffered from tuberculosis. In 1948, his health began to deteriorate, hindered furthur by the intense workload of taking charge of the affairs of the newly founded state following the independence of Pakistan. He died on 11th September, 1948 in Karachi.

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Welcome to Quaid Ka Pakistan

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Bismillah Ir Rahman Ir Raheem(In the name of Allah S.W.T the most gracious most merciful)

Its been 62 years since the inception of our great nation Pakistan by our great leader Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah. At the time of the creation of Pakistan those many tragic events that closely followed one after the other, many at the time thought that it was inevitable that the birth of our great nation  would not survive long enough. To their displeasure, how wrong they were, for turmoil after turmoil that followed our nation yet after 62 years of its existence we still stand as a Nation, and Inshallah will continue to do so.

It is important to remember that Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a democratic, multiethnic, and a multireligious country informed by Muslim values. Unfortunately on September 11, 1948, just thirteen months after independence, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammed Ali Jinnah died from a combination of tubercolosis and lung cancer. Most Pakistanis believe that had he lived for even one more year, he would have been able transform his vision into a reality. Indeed he was one of the greatest leaders of all time for even today he has no rival.

The purpose of this blog is to help better understand why Quaid-e-Azam created this great nation for all those who live on it and call themselves proud Pakistanis. Being a patriot I like most of us have a firm belief that even though our nation is going through tough times but there are better times to come for us all to see our Nation in a strong position, strong in every sense of the word, strong in all aspects from every angle. A True to life Nation with a strong judiciary where all who seek justice would get equal and impartial treatment, a strong military that would be able to protect this country and its citizens from all those who cast their evil eye upon it, a stable democracy where all of its citizens would get their fairshare to express themselves with their freedom of speech, which would work towards an even stronger democracy and with capable people who would excel in their respective fields with excellence and then go on to reap benefits of their hard work and commitment and build their nation.

It is now upon us especially the youth of this country to take responsibility for the way we act, and work towards actively supporting positive causes in order to ensure our nation's progress.

Pakistan came into being as a result of the great sacrifices that were made by its leaders and its true citizens, the responsibility now lies in our hands in order to protect our nation, remember its history, preserve its culture and work towards making it a strong and prosperous nation.

We welcome you to Quaid Ka Pakistan.

Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad   Pakistan Paindabad